|
Philip II of Spain has inspired artistic and cultural works for over four centuries, as the most powerful ruler in the Europe of his day, and subsequently a central figure in the "Black Legend" of Spanish power. The following list covers representations of him in drama, opera, film, novels, and verse. A small selection of the many artistic portrayals of Philip is shown in gallery form. ==Literature== *The Belgian Charles de Coster's 1867 novel ''The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak'' depicts Philip II in a highly unsympathetic light. The narrative recounts the adventures of the Geuzen, or Sea Beggars, who fought against the Spanish occupation of the Southern Netherlands, and imagines the legendary figure of Thyl Ulenspiegel fighting on their side.〔Michel de Ghelderode and David Willinger, ''Ghelderode: The Siege of Ostend, the Actor Makes His Exit, Transfiguration in the Circus'', Ponciá Vicencio, 1990, ISBN 0-924047-03-8, p. 18.〕 Critic Jonathan Nield describes the work as "of unmistakable power, if somewhat coarse in tone".〔Jonathan Nield, ''A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales'', Ayer Publishing, 1968, ISBN 0-8337-2509-2, p. 82.〕 *Philip II is portrayed in ''Fire Over England'', a well known 1937 historical drama. Breaking with British artistic tradition, the portrayal of the former English co-monarch is not entirely unsympathetic. He is shown as a very hard working, intelligent, religious, somewhat paranoid ruler whose prime concern is his country. As orders the Armada to sail to its doom he admits to having no understanding of the English. *Margaret Irwin wrote ''Elizabeth and the Prince of Spain'' (1953), a historical novel about Princess Elizabeth's imprisonment and survival during the uneasy marriage between Philip and Queen Mary I. The novel was the third in Irwin's "Young Bess" trilogy.〔Margaret Irwin, ''Elizabeth and the Prince of Spain'', New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1953, (OCLC 320864. )〕 *Jean Plaidy wrote ''Spanish Bridegroom'' (1954), a historical novel about Philip's first three marriages.〔Lynda G. Adamson, ''World Historical Fiction: An Annotated Guide to Novels for Adults and Young Adults'', Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999, ISBN 1-57356-066-9, p. 54; Jean Plaidy, ''Spanish Bridegroom'', Philadelphia: Macrae Smith, 1956, .〕 *The plot of Carlos Fuentes's novel ''Terra Nostra'' (Mexico, 1975) revolves around the construction of Philip II's combined monastery and palace of San Lorenzo de El Escorial in the Sierra de Guadarrama near Madrid. Critic Raymond L. Williams has explained that Fuentes modelled the tripartite structure of ''Terra Nostra'' on that of the Escorial, where Philip consciously set out to create a world apart. The novel makes the architecture a metaphor for Spain's imperial stance towards the New World.〔Raymond L. Williams, ''The Writings of Carlos Fuentes'', Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996, ISBN 0-292-79097-X, pp. 78–79; Carlos Fuentes, ''Terra Nostra'', New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1976, ISBN 0-374-27327-8.〕 *Harry Turtledove's alternate history novel ''Ruled Britannia'' (2002) imagines a world in which the Spanish Armada succeeded and King Philip conquered England, a theme anticipated, suggests literary scholar Anne J. Cruz, by the Spanish novelist Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616).〔Anne J. Cruz, ''Material and Symbolic Circulation Between Spain and England, 1554–1604'', Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008, ISBN 0-7546-6215-2, p. 94.〕 Among other things, Shakespeare is made to write a play praising King Philip, of which Turtledove provides some excerpts. *In Philippa Gregory's novel ''The Queen's Fool'' (2004), set in the court of Mary I of England, Princess Elizabeth flirts with Mary's husband King Philip. The plot, observes reviewer Emma Hagestadt, "burns with passions with which Freud—let alone the Church—would have a field day".〔Emma Hagestadt, (''The Queen's Fool )'', The Independent, 8 December 2003, retrieved on 13 September 2008; Philippa Gregory, ''The Queen's Fool'', London: HarperCollins, 2003, ISBN 0-00-716659-1.〕 *Harry Kelsey's biographical novel ''Philip of Spain, King of England: The Forgotten Sovereign'' (2011) takes place during his marriage to Queen Mary Tudor of England and his role as king-consort in a foreign country.〔http://mary-tudor.blogspot.com/2011/12/review-of-harry-kelseys-philip-of-spain.html〕 *Winston Graham's "The Grove Of Eagles" focuses on Philip II's second and less well-known attempt to invade England, in 1598 - which the author argues was better organized than the Armada of 1588 and had a better chance of success, but for having encountered a major storm en route. In one scene the book's protagonist - a young Englishman who through mischance finds himself involved in the Spanish invasion fleet - is taken to the Royal Palace in Madrid and meets with a man sitting writing at a modest desk. First considering him a minor clerk, the protagonist discovers that he is in the presence the hard-working, frugal King in person. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cultural depictions of Philip II of Spain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|